diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index cf70139..bd16910 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,9 +27,11 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.12", features = [ "json" ] }
 url = "2.5"
 tempfile = "3.10"
 tokio = { version = "1.41", features = [ "sync" ] }
+tracing = "0.1"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 assert2 = "0.3"
+mutants = "0.0"
 pretty_assertions = "1.4"
 test-log = "0.2"
 tokio = { version = "1.41", features = [
diff --git a/src/fs/dir.rs b/src/fs/dir.rs
index 194d31e..b802a4f 100644
--- a/src/fs/dir.rs
+++ b/src/fs/dir.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+//
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
-//
 use crate::fs::{DirItem, DirItemIterator, Result};
 
 use super::{DirHandle, Error, PathHandle, PathMarker};
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ impl DirHandle {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn create(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
+        tracing::debug!("std::fs::create_dir");
         std::fs::create_dir(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
@@ -37,8 +39,10 @@ impl DirHandle {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn create_all(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
+        tracing::debug!("std::fs::create_dir_all");
         std::fs::create_dir_all(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
@@ -55,8 +59,10 @@ impl DirHandle {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn read(&self) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<DirItem>>>> {
         self.check_error()?;
+        tracing::debug!("std::fs::read_dir");
         let read_dir = std::fs::read_dir(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)?;
         Ok(Box::new(DirItemIterator::new(read_dir)))
     }
@@ -73,8 +79,10 @@ impl DirHandle {
     /// dir.remove()?;
     /// # Ok(())
     /// }
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn remove(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
+        tracing::debug!("std::fs::remove");
         std::fs::remove_dir(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
@@ -90,8 +98,10 @@ impl DirHandle {
     /// dir.remove_all()?;
     /// # Ok(())
     /// }
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn remove_all(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
+        tracing::debug!("std::fs::remove_all");
         std::fs::remove_dir_all(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/fs/dir_item.rs b/src/fs/dir_item.rs
index daad67d..972ab04 100644
--- a/src/fs/dir_item.rs
+++ b/src/fs/dir_item.rs
@@ -28,8 +28,11 @@ impl Iterator for DirItemIterator {
 }
 
 fn map_dir_item(item: std::io::Result<DirEntry>) -> super::Result<DirItem> {
+    tracing::trace!("map_dir_item");
     let item = item.map_err(Error::Io)?;
+    tracing::trace!(?item, "map_dir_item");
     let file_type = item.file_type().map_err(Error::Io)?;
+    tracing::trace!(?file_type, "map_dir_item");
     if file_type.is_dir() {
         Ok(DirItem::Dir(item.path()))
     } else if file_type.is_file() {
diff --git a/src/fs/file.rs b/src/fs/file.rs
index d96a205..86a9385 100644
--- a/src/fs/file.rs
+++ b/src/fs/file.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ impl FileHandle {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn reader(&self) -> Result<Reader> {
         self.check_error()?;
         Reader::new(&self.as_pathbuf())
@@ -35,9 +36,12 @@ impl FileHandle {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn write<C: AsRef<[u8]>>(&self, contents: C) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::write(self.as_pathbuf(), contents).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let file = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?file, "std::fs::write");
+        std::fs::write(file, contents).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Copies the contents of a file to another file.
@@ -56,9 +60,13 @@ impl FileHandle {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn copy(&self, dest: &FileHandle) -> Result<u64> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::copy(self.as_pathbuf(), dest.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let from = self.as_pathbuf();
+        let to = dest.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?from, ?to, "std::fs::copy");
+        std::fs::copy(from, to).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Removes a file.
@@ -74,9 +82,12 @@ impl FileHandle {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn remove(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::remove_file(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let file = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?file, "std::fs::remove_file");
+        std::fs::remove_file(file).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Creates a hard link on the filesystem.
@@ -96,9 +107,13 @@ impl FileHandle {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn hard_link(&self, dest: &FileHandle) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::hard_link(self.as_pathbuf(), dest.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let original = self.as_pathbuf();
+        let link = dest.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?original, ?link, "std::fs::hard_link");
+        std::fs::hard_link(original, link).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 }
 impl TryFrom<PathHandle<PathMarker>> for FileHandle {
diff --git a/src/fs/mod.rs b/src/fs/mod.rs
index df3a4f5..a7dcca8 100644
--- a/src/fs/mod.rs
+++ b/src/fs/mod.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ pub use temp::TempFileSystem;
 /// `error::Error::PathTraversal` error when attempting the
 /// opertation.
 pub fn new(base: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> FileSystem {
-    FileSystem::new(base.into())
+    let base = base.into();
+    tracing::debug!(?base, "new");
+    FileSystem::new(base)
 }
 
 /// Creates a new `TempFileSystem` for a temporary directory.
diff --git a/src/fs/path.rs b/src/fs/path.rs
index f9e38e4..69ee12b 100644
--- a/src/fs/path.rs
+++ b/src/fs/path.rs
@@ -38,10 +38,12 @@ pub struct PathReal<T: PathType> {
     pub(super) error: Option<Error>,
 }
 impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub(super) fn new(base: impl Into<PathBuf>, path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self {
         let base: PathBuf = base.into();
         let path: PathBuf = path.into();
         let error = PathReal::<T>::validate(&base, &path);
+        tracing::debug!(?base, ?path, ?error, "new");
         Self {
             base,
             path,
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
         self.base.join(&self.path)
     }
 
+    // only stores the first error, subsequent errors are dropped
     pub(super) fn put(&mut self, error: Error) {
         if self.error.is_none() {
             self.error.replace(error);
@@ -87,20 +90,25 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     fn clean_path(path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
-        // let path = path.as_ref();
         use path_clean::PathClean;
         let abs_path = if path.is_absolute() {
+            tracing::debug!("is absolute");
             path.to_path_buf()
         } else {
+            tracing::debug!("std::env::current_dir");
             std::env::current_dir().expect("current_dir").join(path)
         }
         .clean();
+        tracing::debug!(?abs_path);
         Ok(abs_path)
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub(super) fn check_error(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if let Some(error) = &self.error {
+            tracing::warn!(?error, "error");
             Err(error.clone())
         } else {
             Ok(())
@@ -123,9 +131,12 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn exists(&self) -> Result<bool> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        Ok(self.as_pathbuf().exists())
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "PathBuf::exists");
+        Ok(path.exists())
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the path is a directory.
@@ -140,9 +151,12 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn is_dir(&self) -> Result<bool> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        Ok(self.as_pathbuf().is_dir())
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "PathBuf::is_dir");
+        Ok(path.is_dir())
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the path is a file.
@@ -157,9 +171,12 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn is_file(&self) -> Result<bool> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        Ok(self.as_pathbuf().is_file())
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "PathBuf::is_file");
+        Ok(path.is_file())
     }
 
     /// Returns the path as a directory if it exists and is a directory, otherwise
@@ -176,9 +193,13 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn as_dir(&self) -> Result<Option<DirHandle>> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        if self.as_pathbuf().is_dir() {
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        let is_dir = path.is_dir();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, ?is_dir, "PathBuf::is_dir");
+        if is_dir {
             Ok(Some(PathReal::new(&self.base, &self.path)))
         } else {
             Ok(None)
@@ -199,9 +220,13 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn as_file(&self) -> Result<Option<FileHandle>> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        if self.as_pathbuf().is_file() {
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        let is_file = path.is_file();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, ?is_file, "PathBuf::is_file");
+        if is_file {
             Ok(Some(PathReal::new(&self.base, &self.path)))
         } else {
             Ok(None)
@@ -225,9 +250,13 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn rename(&self, dest: &PathHandle<T>) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::rename(self.as_pathbuf(), dest.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let from = self.as_pathbuf();
+        let to = dest.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?from, ?to, "std::fs::rename");
+        std::fs::rename(from, to).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Returns the metadata for a path.
@@ -243,9 +272,12 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn metadata(&self) -> Result<std::fs::Metadata> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::metadata(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "std::fs::metadata");
+        std::fs::metadata(path).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Creates a symbolic link to a path.
@@ -265,9 +297,13 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn soft_link(&self, link: &PathReal<PathMarker>) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(self.as_pathbuf(), link.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let original = self.as_pathbuf();
+        let link = link.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?original, ?link, "std::os::unix::fs::symlink");
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(original, link).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the path is a symbolic link.
@@ -283,9 +319,12 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn is_link(&self) -> Result<bool> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        Ok(self.as_pathbuf().is_symlink())
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "PathBuf::is_symlink");
+        Ok(path.is_symlink())
     }
 
     /// Returns the canonical, absolute form of the path with all intermediate
@@ -302,9 +341,12 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn canonicalize(&self) -> Result<PathBuf> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        self.as_pathbuf().canonicalize().map_err(Error::Io)
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "PathBuf::canonicalize");
+        path.canonicalize().map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Returns the metadata for a path without following symlinks.
@@ -320,9 +362,12 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> Result<std::fs::Metadata> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::symlink_metadata(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "std::fs::symlink_metadata");
+        std::fs::symlink_metadata(path).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
     /// Sets the permissions of a file or directory.
@@ -341,14 +386,20 @@ impl<T: PathType> PathReal<T> {
     /// #    Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn set_permissions(&self, perms: std::fs::Permissions) -> Result<()> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        std::fs::set_permissions(self.as_pathbuf(), perms).map_err(Error::Io)
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, ?perms, "std::fs::set_permissions");
+        std::fs::set_permissions(path, perms).map_err(Error::Io)
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     pub fn read_link(&self) -> Result<PathReal<PathMarker>> {
         self.check_error()?;
-        let read_path = std::fs::read_link(self.as_pathbuf()).map_err(Error::Io)?;
+        let path = self.as_pathbuf();
+        tracing::debug!(?path, "std::fs::read_link");
+        let read_path = std::fs::read_link(path).map_err(Error::Io)?;
         let path = read_path.strip_prefix(&self.base).unwrap().to_path_buf();
         Ok(PathReal::new(&self.base, &path))
     }
diff --git a/src/fs/reader.rs b/src/fs/reader.rs
index 93e2ad2..8cdb6a6 100644
--- a/src/fs/reader.rs
+++ b/src/fs/reader.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ pub struct Reader {
     contents: String,
 }
 impl Reader {
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub(super) fn new(path: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
+        tracing::debug!("std::fs::read_to_string");
         let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(path).map_err(Error::Io)?;
+        tracing::debug!(len = contents.len(), "contents");
         Ok(Self { contents })
     }
 
diff --git a/src/fs/system.rs b/src/fs/system.rs
index e98cf7c..7d72958 100644
--- a/src/fs/system.rs
+++ b/src/fs/system.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ impl FileSystem {
     }
 
     /// Returns a [PathBuf] for the path.
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn path_of(&self, path: PathBuf) -> Result<PathBuf> {
         let path_of = self.base.as_path().join(path);
         self.validate(&path_of)?;
@@ -55,13 +56,16 @@ impl FileSystem {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn dir(&self, path: &Path) -> DirHandle {
         let mut dir = PathReal::new(&self.base, path);
 
         if dir.error.is_none() {
             if let Ok(exists) = dir.exists() {
+                tracing::debug!(?exists);
                 if exists {
                     if let Ok(is_dir) = dir.is_dir() {
+                        tracing::debug!(?is_dir);
                         if !is_dir {
                             dir.put(Error::NotADirectory {
                                 path: dir.as_pathbuf(),
@@ -90,13 +94,16 @@ impl FileSystem {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn file(&self, path: &Path) -> FileHandle {
         let mut file = PathReal::new(&self.base, path);
 
         if file.error.is_none() {
             if let Ok(exists) = file.exists() {
+                tracing::debug!(?exists);
                 if exists {
                     if let Ok(is_file) = file.is_file() {
+                        tracing::debug!(?is_file);
                         if !is_file {
                             file.put(Error::NotAFile {
                                 path: file.as_pathbuf(),
@@ -124,10 +131,12 @@ impl FileSystem {
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn path(&self, path: &Path) -> PathHandle<PathMarker> {
         PathReal::new(&self.base, path)
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     fn validate(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let path = self.clean_path(path)?;
         if !path.starts_with(&self.base) {
@@ -139,15 +148,19 @@ impl FileSystem {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     fn clean_path(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
         // let path = path.as_ref();
         use path_clean::PathClean;
         let abs_path = if path.is_absolute() {
+            tracing::debug!("is_absolute");
             path.to_path_buf()
         } else {
+            tracing::debug!("std::env::current_dir");
             std::env::current_dir().map_err(Error::Io)?.join(path)
         }
         .clean();
+        tracing::debug!(?abs_path);
         Ok(abs_path)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/fs/temp.rs b/src/fs/temp.rs
index 3ab38d1..b5c2369 100644
--- a/src/fs/temp.rs
+++ b/src/fs/temp.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ pub struct TempFileSystem {
     _temp_dir: Arc<Mutex<TempDir>>,
 }
 impl TempFileSystem {
+    #[tracing::instrument]
     pub fn new() -> super::Result<Self> {
         let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().map_err(Error::Io)?;
         let base = temp_dir.path().to_path_buf();
@@ -34,3 +35,10 @@ impl std::ops::Deref for TempFileSystem {
         &self.real
     }
 }
+impl Drop for TempFileSystem {
+    #[cfg_attr(test, mutants::skip)]
+    #[tracing::instrument]
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        tracing::debug!("drop");
+    }
+}