diff --git a/cli/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/cli/ParseArgs.scala b/cli/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/cli/ParseArgs.scala
index 14f472e..77f7129 100644
--- a/cli/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/cli/ParseArgs.scala
+++ b/cli/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/cli/ParseArgs.scala
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import java.nio.file.Paths
 
 import cats.effect.IO
 import net.kemitix.s3thorp._
-import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.{Bucket, Config, Exclude, Filter, RemoteKey}
+import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.Filter.{Exclude, Include}
+import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.{Bucket, Config, RemoteKey}
 import scopt.OParser
 import scopt.OParser.{builder, parse, sequence}
 
@@ -27,11 +28,13 @@ object ParseArgs {
       opt[String]('p', "prefix")
         .action((str, c) => c.copy(prefix = RemoteKey(str)))
         .text("Prefix within the S3 Bucket"),
-      opt[Seq[String]]('f', "filter")
-      .action((str, c) => c.copy(filters = str.map(Filter)))
-        .text("Filter only matching paths"),
+      opt[Seq[String]]('i', "include")
+        .unbounded()
+        .action((str, c) => c.copy(filters = c.filters ++ str.map(Include)))
+        .text("Include only matching paths"),
       opt[Seq[String]]('x', "exclude")
-        .action((str,c) => c.copy(excludes = str.map(Exclude)))
+        .unbounded()
+        .action((str,c) => c.copy(filters = c.filters ++ str.map(Exclude)))
         .text("Exclude matching paths"),
       opt[Int]('v', "verbose")
         .validate(i =>
diff --git a/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/LocalFileStream.scala b/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/LocalFileStream.scala
index 1b108e1..e931ac7 100644
--- a/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/LocalFileStream.scala
+++ b/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/LocalFileStream.scala
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 package net.kemitix.s3thorp.core
 
 import java.io.File
+import java.nio.file.Path
 
 import cats.effect.IO
 import net.kemitix.s3thorp.core.KeyGenerator.generateKey
-import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.{Config, LocalFile, MD5Hash}
+import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.{Config, Filter, LocalFile, MD5Hash}
 
 object LocalFileStream {
 
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ object LocalFileStream {
                 info: Int => String => Unit)
                (implicit c: Config): IO[Stream[LocalFile]] = {
 
+    val filters: Path => Boolean = Filter.isIncluded(c.filters)
+
     def loop(file: File): IO[Stream[LocalFile]] = {
 
       def dirPaths(file: File): IO[Stream[File]] =
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ object LocalFileStream {
         }
           .map(fs =>
             Stream(fs: _*)
-              .filter(isIncluded))
+              .filter(f => filters(f.toPath)))
 
       def recurseIntoSubDirectories(file: File)(implicit c: Config): IO[Stream[LocalFile]] =
         file match {
@@ -31,15 +34,6 @@ object LocalFileStream {
             yield Stream(LocalFile(file, c.source, hash, generateKey(c.source, c.prefix)))
         }
 
-      def filterIsIncluded(f: File): Boolean =
-        f.isDirectory || c.filters.forall { filter => filter isIncluded f.toPath }
-
-      def excludeIsIncluded(f: File): Boolean =
-        c.excludes.forall { exclude => exclude isIncluded f.toPath }
-
-      def isIncluded(f: File): Boolean =
-        filterIsIncluded(f) && excludeIsIncluded(f)
-
       def recurse(fs: Stream[File]): IO[Stream[LocalFile]] =
         fs.foldLeft(IO.pure(Stream.empty[LocalFile]))((acc, f) =>
           recurseIntoSubDirectories(f)
diff --git a/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/SyncLogging.scala b/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/SyncLogging.scala
index a0838fc..1b1137b 100644
--- a/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/SyncLogging.scala
+++ b/core/src/main/scala/net.kemitix.s3thorp.core/SyncLogging.scala
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.Config
 object SyncLogging {
 
   def logRunStart[F[_]](info: Int => String => Unit)(implicit c: Config): IO[Unit] = IO {
-    info(1)(s"Bucket: ${c.bucket.name}, Prefix: ${c.prefix.key}, Source: ${c.source}, " +
-      s"Filter: ${c.filters.map{ f => f.filter}.mkString(""", """)} " +
-      s"Exclude: ${c.excludes.map{ f => f.exclude}.mkString(""", """)}")}
+    info(1)(s"Bucket: ${c.bucket.name}, Prefix: ${c.prefix.key}, Source: ${c.source}, ")}
 
   def logFileScan(info: Int => String => Unit)(implicit c: Config): IO[Unit] = IO{
     info(1)(s"Scanning local files: ${c.source}...")}
diff --git a/core/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/core/SyncSuite.scala b/core/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/core/SyncSuite.scala
index 869aef4..34cb296 100644
--- a/core/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/core/SyncSuite.scala
+++ b/core/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/core/SyncSuite.scala
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import cats.effect.IO
 import net.kemitix.s3thorp.aws.api.S3Action.{CopyS3Action, DeleteS3Action, UploadS3Action}
 import net.kemitix.s3thorp.aws.api.{S3Client, UploadProgressListener}
 import net.kemitix.s3thorp.core.MD5HashData.{leafHash, rootHash}
+import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.Filter.Exclude
 import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain._
 import org.scalatest.FunSpec
 
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ class SyncSuite
       }
     }
     describe("when a file is excluded") {
-      val configWithExclusion = config.copy(excludes = List(Exclude("leaf")))
+      val configWithExclusion = config.copy(filters = List(Exclude("leaf")))
       val s3ObjectsData = S3ObjectsData(Map(), Map())
       val s3Client = new RecordingClient(testBucket, s3ObjectsData)
       Sync.run(s3Client, md5HashGenerator, logInfo, logWarn, logError)(configWithExclusion).unsafeRunSync
diff --git a/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Config.scala b/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Config.scala
index 6ebb9be..7081f4a 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Config.scala
+++ b/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Config.scala
@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@ package net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain
 import java.io.File
 
 final case class Config(
-  bucket: Bucket = Bucket(""),
-  prefix: RemoteKey = RemoteKey(""),
-  verbose: Int = 1,
-  filters: Seq[Filter] = List(),
-  excludes: Seq[Exclude] = List(),
-  multiPartThreshold: Long = 1024 * 1024 * 5,
-  maxRetries: Int = 3,
-  source: File
+                         bucket: Bucket = Bucket(""),
+                         prefix: RemoteKey = RemoteKey(""),
+                         verbose: Int = 1,
+                         filters: List[Filter] = List(),
+                         multiPartThreshold: Long = 1024 * 1024 * 5,
+                         maxRetries: Int = 3,
+                         source: File
 ) {
   require(source.isDirectory, s"Source must be a directory: $source")
   require(multiPartThreshold >= 1024 * 1024 * 5, s"Threshold for multi-part upload is 5Mb: '$multiPartThreshold'")
diff --git a/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Exclude.scala b/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Exclude.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 88a1cd3..0000000
--- a/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Exclude.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain
-
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import java.util.function.Predicate
-import java.util.regex.Pattern
-
-final case class Exclude(exclude: String = "!.*") {
-
-  lazy val predicate: Predicate[String] = Pattern.compile(exclude).asPredicate()
-
-  def isIncluded(path: Path): Boolean = !isExcluded(path)
-
-  def isExcluded(path: Path): Boolean = predicate.test(path.toString)
-
-}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Filter.scala b/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Filter.scala
index 9add298..da87200 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Filter.scala
+++ b/domain/src/main/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/Filter.scala
@@ -1,16 +1,48 @@
 package net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain
 
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import java.util.function.Predicate
 import java.util.regex.Pattern
 
-final case class Filter(filter: String = ".*") {
+sealed trait Filter
 
-  lazy val predicate: Predicate[String] = Pattern.compile(filter).asPredicate.negate
+object Filter {
 
-  def isIncluded(path: Path): Boolean = !isExcluded(path)
+  case class Include(include: String = ".*") extends Filter {
 
-  def isExcluded(path: Path): Boolean = predicate.test(path.toString)
+    private lazy val predicate = Pattern.compile(include).asPredicate
+
+    def isIncluded(path: Path): Boolean = predicate.test(path.toString)
+
+  }
+
+  case class Exclude(exclude: String) extends Filter {
+
+    private lazy val predicate = Pattern.compile(exclude).asPredicate()
+
+    def isExcluded(path: Path): Boolean = predicate.test(path.toString)
+
+  }
+
+  def isIncluded(filters: List[Filter])(p: Path): Boolean = {
+    sealed trait State
+    case class Unknown() extends State
+    case class Accepted() extends State
+    case class Discarded() extends State
+    filters.foldRight(Unknown(): State)((filter, state) =>
+      (filter, state) match {
+        case (_, Accepted()) => Accepted()
+        case (_, Discarded()) => Discarded()
+        case (x: Exclude, _) if x.isExcluded(p) => Discarded()
+        case (i: Include, _) if i.isIncluded(p) => Accepted()
+        case _ => Unknown()
+      }) match {
+      case Accepted() => true
+      case Discarded() => false
+      case Unknown() => filters.forall {
+        case _: Include => false
+        case _ => true
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
 }
-
diff --git a/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/ExcludeSuite.scala b/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/ExcludeSuite.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 49cbf58..0000000
--- a/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/ExcludeSuite.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain
-
-import java.nio.file.{Path, Paths}
-
-import org.scalatest.FunSpec
-
-class ExcludeSuite extends FunSpec {
-
-  describe("default exclude") {
-    val exclude = Exclude()
-    val paths: List[Path] = List("/a-file", "a-file", "path/to/a/file", "/path/to/a/file",
-      "/home/pcampbell/repos/kemitix/s3thorp/target/scala-2.12/test-classes/net/kemitix/s3thorp/upload/subdir"
-    ) map { p => Paths.get(p)}
-    it("should not exclude files") {
-      paths.foreach(path => { assertResult(false)(exclude.isExcluded(path)) })
-    }
-    it("should include files") {
-      paths.foreach(path => assertResult(true)(exclude.isIncluded(path)))
-    }
-  }
-  describe("directory exact match exclude '/upload/subdir/'") {
-    val exclude = Exclude("/upload/subdir/")
-    it("exclude matching directory") {
-      val matching = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
-      assertResult(true)(exclude.isExcluded(matching))
-    }
-    it("include non-matching files") {
-      val nonMatching = Paths.get("/upload/other-file")
-      assertResult(true)(exclude.isIncluded(nonMatching))
-    }
-  }
-  describe("file partial match 'root'") {
-    val exclude = Exclude("root")
-    it("exclude matching file '/upload/root-file") {
-      val matching = Paths.get("/upload/root-file")
-      assertResult(true)(exclude.isExcluded(matching))
-    }
-    it("include non-matching files 'test-file-for-hash.txt' & '/upload/subdir/leaf-file'") {
-      val nonMatching1 = Paths.get("/test-file-for-hash.txt")
-      val nonMatching2 = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
-      assertResult(true)(exclude.isIncluded(nonMatching1))
-      assertResult(true)(exclude.isIncluded(nonMatching2))
-    }
-  }
-
-}
diff --git a/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/FilterSuite.scala b/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/FilterSuite.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 228e2e0..0000000
--- a/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/FilterSuite.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain
-
-import java.nio.file.{Path, Paths}
-
-import org.scalatest.FunSpec
-
-class FilterSuite extends FunSpec {
-
-  describe("default filter") {
-    val filter = Filter()
-    val paths: List[Path] = List("/a-file", "a-file", "path/to/a/file", "/path/to/a/file",
-      "/home/pcampbell/repos/kemitix/s3thorp/target/scala-2.12/test-classes/net/kemitix/s3thorp/upload/subdir"
-    ) map { p => Paths.get(p)}
-    it("should not exclude files") {
-      paths.foreach(path => { assertResult(false)(filter.isExcluded(path)) })
-    }
-    it("should include files") {
-      paths.foreach(path => assertResult(true)(filter.isIncluded(path)))
-    }
-  }
-  describe("directory exact match include '/upload/subdir/'") {
-    val filter = Filter("/upload/subdir/")
-    it("include matching directory") {
-      val matching = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
-      assertResult(true)(filter.isIncluded(matching))
-    }
-    it("exclude non-matching files") {
-      val nonMatching = Paths.get("/upload/other-file")
-      assertResult(true)(filter.isExcluded(nonMatching))
-    }
-  }
-  describe("file partial match 'root'") {
-    val filter = Filter("root")
-    it("include matching file '/upload/root-file") {
-      val matching = Paths.get("/upload/root-file")
-      assertResult(true)(filter.isIncluded(matching))
-    }
-    it("exclude non-matching files 'test-file-for-hash.txt' & '/upload/subdir/leaf-file'") {
-      val nonMatching1 = Paths.get("/test-file-for-hash.txt")
-      val nonMatching2 = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
-      assertResult(true)(filter.isExcluded(nonMatching1))
-      assertResult(true)(filter.isExcluded(nonMatching2))
-    }
-  }
-
-}
diff --git a/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/FiltersSuite.scala b/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/FiltersSuite.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..264b43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/domain/src/test/scala/net/kemitix/s3thorp/domain/FiltersSuite.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain
+
+import java.nio.file.{Path, Paths}
+
+import net.kemitix.s3thorp.domain.Filter.{Exclude, Include}
+import org.scalatest.FunSpec
+
+class FiltersSuite extends FunSpec {
+
+  private val path1 = "a-file"
+  private val path2 = "another-file.txt"
+  private val path3 = "/path/to/a/file.txt"
+  private val path4 = "/path/to/another/file"
+  private val path5 = "/home/pcampbell/repos/kemitix/s3thorp"
+  private val path6 = "/kemitix/s3thorp/upload/subdir"
+  private val paths = List(path1, path2, path3, path4, path5, path6).map(Paths.get(_))
+
+  describe("Include") {
+
+    describe("default filter") {
+      val include = Include()
+       it("should include files") {
+        paths.foreach(path => assertResult(true)(include.isIncluded(path)))
+      }
+    }
+    describe("directory exact match include '/upload/subdir/'") {
+      val include = Include("/upload/subdir/")
+      it("include matching directory") {
+        val matching = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
+        assertResult(true)(include.isIncluded(matching))
+      }
+      it("exclude non-matching files") {
+        val nonMatching = Paths.get("/upload/other-file")
+        assertResult(false)(include.isIncluded(nonMatching))
+      }
+    }
+    describe("file partial match 'root'") {
+      val include = Include("root")
+      it("include matching file '/upload/root-file") {
+        val matching = Paths.get("/upload/root-file")
+        assertResult(true)(include.isIncluded(matching))
+      }
+      it("exclude non-matching files 'test-file-for-hash.txt' & '/upload/subdir/leaf-file'") {
+        val nonMatching1 = Paths.get("/test-file-for-hash.txt")
+        val nonMatching2 = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
+        assertResult(false)(include.isIncluded(nonMatching1))
+        assertResult(false)(include.isIncluded(nonMatching2))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  describe("Exclude") {
+//    describe("default exclude") {
+//      val exclude = Exclude()
+//      it("should exclude all files") {
+//        paths.foreach(path => {
+//          assertResult(true)(exclude.isExcluded(path))
+//        })
+//      }
+//    }
+    describe("directory exact match exclude '/upload/subdir/'") {
+      val exclude = Exclude("/upload/subdir/")
+      it("exclude matching directory") {
+        val matching = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
+        assertResult(true)(exclude.isExcluded(matching))
+      }
+      it("include non-matching files") {
+        val nonMatching = Paths.get("/upload/other-file")
+        assertResult(false)(exclude.isExcluded(nonMatching))
+      }
+    }
+    describe("file partial match 'root'") {
+      val exclude = Exclude("root")
+      it("exclude matching file '/upload/root-file") {
+        val matching = Paths.get("/upload/root-file")
+        assertResult(true)(exclude.isExcluded(matching))
+      }
+      it("include non-matching files 'test-file-for-hash.txt' & '/upload/subdir/leaf-file'") {
+        val nonMatching1 = Paths.get("/test-file-for-hash.txt")
+        val nonMatching2 = Paths.get("/upload/subdir/leaf-file")
+        assertResult(false)(exclude.isExcluded(nonMatching1))
+        assertResult(false)(exclude.isExcluded(nonMatching2))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  describe("isIncluded") {
+    def invoke(filters: List[Filter]) = {
+      paths.filter(path => Filter.isIncluded(filters)(path))
+    }
+
+    describe("when there are no filters") {
+      val filters = List[Filter]()
+      it("should accept all files") {
+        val expected = paths
+        val result = invoke(filters)
+        assertResult(expected)(result)
+      }
+    }
+    describe("when a single include") {
+      val filters = List(Include(".txt"))
+      it("should only include two matching paths") {
+        val expected = List(path2, path3).map(Paths.get(_))
+        val result = invoke(filters)
+        assertResult(expected)(result)
+      }
+    }
+    describe("when a single exclude") {
+      val filters = List(Exclude("path"))
+      it("should include only other paths") {
+        val expected = List(path1, path2, path5, path6).map(Paths.get(_))
+        val result = invoke(filters)
+        assertResult(expected)(result)
+      }
+    }
+    describe("when include .txt files, but then exclude everything trumps all") {
+      val filters = List(Include(".txt"), Exclude(".*"))
+      it("should include nothing") {
+        val expected = List()
+        val result = invoke(filters)
+        assertResult(expected)(result)
+      }
+    }
+    describe("when exclude everything except .txt files") {
+      val filters = List(Exclude(".*"), Include(".txt"))
+      it("should include only the .txt files") {
+        val expected = List(path2, path3).map(Paths.get(_))
+        val result = invoke(filters)
+        assertResult(expected)(result)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}